Widespread detection of highly pathogenic H5 influenza viruses in wild birds from the Pacific Flyway of the United States
نویسندگان
چکیده
A novel highly pathogenic avian influenza virus belonging to the H5 clade 2.3.4.4 variant viruses was detected in North America in late 2014. Motivated by the identification of these viruses in domestic poultry in Canada, an intensive study was initiated to conduct highly pathogenic avian influenza surveillance in wild birds in the Pacific Flyway of the United States. A total of 4,729 hunter-harvested wild birds were sampled and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus was detected in 1.3% (n = 63). Three H5 clade 2.3.4.4 subtypes were isolated from wild birds, H5N2, H5N8, and H5N1, representing the wholly Eurasian lineage H5N8 and two novel reassortant viruses. Testing of 150 additional wild birds during avian morbidity and mortality investigations in Washington yielded 10 (6.7%) additional highly pathogenic avian influenza isolates (H5N8 = 3 and H5N2 = 7). The geographically widespread detection of these viruses in apparently healthy wild waterfowl suggest that the H5 clade 2.3.4.4 variant viruses may behave similarly in this taxonomic group whereby many waterfowl species are susceptible to infection but do not demonstrate obvious clinical disease. Despite these findings in wild waterfowl, mortality has been documented for some wild bird species and losses in US domestic poultry during the first half of 2015 were unprecedented.
منابع مشابه
Risk Assessment of the Introduction and Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses (H5-Subtypes) Via Migratory Birds in Iran
Background and Objectives: HPAI has economic and public health importance. Aquatic and shore migratory birds are the main reservoirs and the cause of the spread of viruses across countries. The aim of study was risk assessment of the spread of the avian influenza H5 viruses. Methods: In this qualitative study, structured interviews and focus group discussions were used to assess the risk of...
متن کاملReply to Ramey et al.: Let time be the arbiter.
We thank Ramey et al. (1) for their opinion that the article “The enigma of the apparent disappearance of Eurasian highly pathogenic H5 clade 2.3.4.4 influenza A viruses in North American waterfowl” (2) provides insufficient evidence to support the hypothesis that wild aquatic birds do not serve as the reservoir of highly pathogenic (HP) influenza A viruses. However, most of the concerns raised...
متن کاملSurveillance for high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in wild birds in the Pacific Flyway of the United States, 2006-2007.
In 2006 the U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Interior, and cooperating state fish and wildlife agencies began surveillance for high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in wild birds in the Pacific Flyway of the United States. This surveillance effort was highly integrated in California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, and western Montana, with col...
متن کاملWeak support for disappearance and restricted emergence/persistence of highly pathogenic influenza A in North American waterfowl.
Krauss et al. (1) use lack of detection of highly pathogenic (HP) H5 clade 2.3.4.4 (henceforth “H5”) influenza A viruses (IAVs) from >22,000 wild bird samples collected in North America in 2014–2015 to argue that HP H5 IAVs disappeared from waterfowl and that unresolved mechanisms restrict emergence and perpetuation of HP IAVs in natural reservoir species. Here we offer an alternative interpret...
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In the February 2006 in two wetlands in northern Iran, the mortality among wild swans was observed. Paralysis was the most prominent feature of the disease. Histologically, diffused necrosis of acinar cells in pancreas, degeneration and necrosis of some neurons in central nervous system (CNS), sever necrotic and hemorrhagic enteritis, foci of haemorrahge and myocardial cell necrosis in the he...
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عنوان ژورنال:
دوره 6 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2016